Ownership and Funding Essay

Ownership Concepts:

Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) refers to broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests. This means they provide information, advice or entertainment to the public without trying to make a profit. An example of a PSB is the BBC as all of their TV channels are PSB channels.

Commercial Broadcasting is the broadcasting of TV programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media. During the 1920s it was the United States' first model of radio, section 14 of the Broadcasting Services Act states that commercial broadcasting services are free to the general public and are usually funded by advertising revenue. An example of commercial broadcasting is Comcast.

Corporate and Private Ownership is when a business company is owned either by non-governmental organisations or by a small number of shareholders. Private companies are important for the world's economy, in 2008 $1.8 trillion was accounted for by 441 of the largest private companies in the US. An example of a private company is Facebook.

Global Companies is a company that does business all over the world, in order to start expanding to other countries you need to introduce both your product and your company to the people of the country. An example of a global company is Coca-Cola where they would sell its drink to the soldiers that were stationed over the world for only 5 cents. 

Horizontal Integration is when a company increases the production of its goods or services in the same part of the supply chain. Horizontal integration is related to the horizontal alliance, which can strengthen the presence in the reference market. An example of horizontal integration is the Heinz and Kraft Foods merger where they merged as one company and the deal valued at $46 billion.

Funding Types:

The Licence Fee refers to how much money it costs to own the licence to something. For example, it costs £154.50 for colour and £52 for a black and white TV licence, depending on someone's case they might get the licence cheaper - people registered as blind are entitled to 50% reduction to the TV licence fee.

Subscription refers to how often people pay and how much they pay, for example, they can pay a monthly, quarterly or yearly subscription fee - Netflix charges £5.99 per month and other streaming sites might charge more.

One-off payment to own product means that the consumer only has to pay a fee once in order to own the product forever. This is often used for purchasing DVDs or Blu-rays. An example of a one-off payment is buying a film on YouTube which you then can own and watch it however many times you want.

 Pay-Per-View refers to the way that people can view a program, they can pay a fee and purchase events to watch live from their house, this means that the broadcaster can show the event at the same time to everyone ordering it. Most people use Pay-Per-View to watch sports, such as professional wrestling.

Sponsorship is when a company pays someone money in order to be sponsored, this is so they can get their names out there. Sometimes a YouTuber will be sponsored by a company that is similar to the content that they make. For example, an artist might get sponsored by a company that makes drawing tablets

Advertising is when YouTube or on TV it shows short videos about a certain product or film which is referred to as ads or adverts, these short clips are used to gain the attention of the viewers so that they might buy the product or watch whatever is being advertised. Adverts are often energetic and fun so it keeps the viewer's attention, or it might have a famous person in it so fans of that person will be interested - for example, the advert for FINAL FANTASY XIV: Shadow-bringers has Tom Holland in it, which will make Marvel fans want to watch the advert.

Product Placement refers to when products offer money to a film or music video to have their product in a shot - for example, 2 characters in a film talking in front of a sign advertising MacDonald. Product placement is often done without outright stating that they are advertising the product, which is why no one in the shot will mention the product but it will be in the shot. An example of a music video having product placement is Star Sign by Ong Seongwoo, where he is singing a song while drinking Pepsi and in most shots, there is something referencing Pepsi.

Private Capital is money that gets provided to a business as a loan investment that doesn't come from somewhere like a bank or government. Private equity is a source of investment capital that actually derives from high net worth individuals and firms that purchase shares of private companies

Crowd-funding refers to the way of gaining money by asking a large number of people for a small amount of money. One way of crowd-funding is using the internet to contact thousands to ask for some money, they can also use social media. An example of crowd-funding is GoFundMe which allows people to make a page to ask for money and it also keeps track of the main goal and how much they have raised.